Optical filamentation is a phenomenon in which a high-power laser beam undergoes self-focusing and creates a self-guided beam of light known as a filament. This filament can propagate over long distances in a medium, maintaining a narrow focus and high intensity. Optical filamentation has applications in various fields such as laser machining, remote sensing, and laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Research in this area focuses on understanding the underlying mechanisms of filamentation, controlling and optimizing filament formation, and exploring new applications of this phenomenon.